22.8 Action to avoid collision

(1) Any action to avoid collision must be taken in accordance with the requirements of this Section and, if the circumstances allow, be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seafaring practice.

(2) Any alteration of course or speed or both to avoid collision must, if the circumstances of the case allow, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar. A succession of small alterations of course or speed or both should be avoided.

(3) If there is sufficient sea-room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that—

(a) It is made in good time; and

(b) it is substantial; and

(c) it does not result in another close-quarters situation.

(4) Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel must be such as to result in passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness of the action must be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.

(5) If necessary, to avoid collision or to allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel must slacken its speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing its means of propulsion.

(6) (a) A vessel that, by any rules in this Part, is obliged not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel must, when required, take early action to allow sufficient sea-room for the safe passage of the other vessel.

(b) A vessel that is required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to involve risk of collision. It must, when taking action, have full regard to the action which may be required of itself and the other vessel by this section of Part 22.

(c) A vessel the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fully obliged to comply with this section of Part 22 when the two vessels are approaching one another so as to involve risk of collision.